Evaluation of candidate reference genes for quantitative. Insects free fulltext functional characterization of. A rapid cold hardening rch and supercooling capacity usually play crucial roles in survival during the overwintering period. The beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, is a freezesusceptible species that overwinters in temperate zones without diapause. The upper portion of the forewings are a mottled dark gray, with a distinctive white spot near the dorsal tip. Merrill, is a high cash crop and plays an important role in socioeconomic well being of the people, commercially produced in golestan, mazanedaran. Common hostorigin combinations for the four most frequently intercepted species of spodoptera s. Egg and larval parasitoids of the beet armyworm spodoptera. Spodoptera exigua laphegdocuments eppo global database. Spodoptera litura is also known as the oriental leafworm moth, cluster caterpillar, cotton leafworm, tobacco cutworm, tropical armyworm, taro caterpillar, tobacco.
This study identified a cryoprotectant as a rch factor of s. Keys about fact sheets glossary larval morphology references. Contact individual photographers for permission to. Spodoptera exigua iflavirus 2 wikispecies, free species. Beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner, 1808 lepidoptera, noctuidae, and flight dynamics data in the sombor region. Tian h1, peng h, yao q, chen h, xie q, tang b, zhang w.
Steps for the dissection of male spodoptera moths lepidoptera. Promod kumar shakya, masarrat haseeb and uzma manzoor department of plant protection, faculty of agricultural sciences, aligarh muslim university, aligarh, uttar pradesh, india email. Developmental control of a lepidopteran pest spodoptera exigua by ingestion of bacteria expressing dsrna of a nonmidgut gene. Kevin kavanagh, in reference module in life sciences, 2017 3 spodoptera exigua. To gain an insight into trehalase functions in insects, we investigated a putative membranebound trehalase from spodoptera exigua setre2 cloned from the fat body. Eggs can be killed with petroleum oil, and both eggs and young larvae can be controlled with foliar applications of 5% cottonseed oil, but this concentra. Featured movies all video latest this just in prelinger archives democracy now. Spodoptera exigua, an insect known as the beet armyworm, is thought to have. Noctuidae 3 leaf debris and other material to form a cocoon on the soil. Biokids kids inquiry of diverse species, spodoptera. Spodoptera exigua setal map click here to download a fullsize printable pdf of this larval setal map lepintercept an identification resource for intercepted lepidoptera larvae by todd m. Monitoring of resistance to new chemistry insecticides in spodoptera litura. Pdf feeding and life history of spodoptera exigua lepidoptera.
Microplitis prodeniae rao and chandry is a solitary. A manual of the insects of the hawaiian islands, including enumeration of the species and notes on the origin, distribution, hosts, parasites, etc. Noctuidae 4 beet armyworm larvae are susceptible to neem products prabhaker et al. Effect of thermoperiod and photoperiod on cold tolerance. Arthropod biology feeding and life history of spodoptera exigua lepidoptera. Performance and enzyme activity of beet armyworm spodoptera. Developmental control of a lepidopteran pest spodoptera. Field tests were conducted with various blends of acetates and alcohols previously identified as components of the sex pheromone for the beet armyworm baw, spodoptera exigua. Rna interference of glycerol biosynthesis suppresses rapid. Spodoptera exigua laphegoverview eppo global database. Helicoverpa armigera 21, heliothis virescens 22,23, ostrinia nubilalis 24, spodoptera exigua 25.
Characterization and expression patterns of a membrane. Spodoptera exigua oviposition and larval feeding preferences for pigweed, amaranthus hybridus, over squaring cotton, gossypium hirsutum, and a comparison of free amino acids in each host plant. Background the invasive fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda j. After 3 or more days as eggs, spodoptera exigua larvae hatch and then devour their. Mutational disruption of the abcc2 gene in fall armyworm. New spodoptera exigua cell lines susceptible tospodoptera exigua.
Feeding and life history of spodoptera exigua lepidoptera. Since the late 1980s the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner. The purpose of this handout is to guide you in the dissection, screening, and identification of moths collected in spodoptera. Pdf on jan 1, 2014, shankar and others published incidence and biology of beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua in chickpea in andhra pradesh find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Spodoptera litura fabricius is a major vegetable pest that is widely distributed throughout tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. Reference genes, which are often referred to as housekeeping genes, such as. Pdf incidence and biology of beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. The role of insecticidal application and host plant resistance in managing spodoptera exigua has been well documented, but the effect of different host plants, on which the pest cycles its. Spodoptera exigua often very similar but paler dorsally than laterally helicoverpa spp. Susceptibility of armyworm spodoptera litura lepidoptera. Spodoptera moths whose larvae are armyworms genus spodoptera arthropod. Field key to the larvae of spodoptera of america north of mexico last update. Moreover, spodoptera exigua penetrates as an uncommon migrant. Spodoptera exigua, an insect known as the beet armyworm, is thought to have originated in southeast asia.
The fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda, is a lepidopteran pest that feeds in. Transregional migration of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. Insect biochemistry and molecular biology, 31 2001, pp. Additionally, 3rd instar beet armyworm larvae fed on different artificial diets had increased. The european commission requested efsa to conduct a pest categorisation of spodoptera frugiperda lepidoptera. Top american libraries canadian libraries universal library community texts project gutenberg biodiversity heritage library childrens library. Spodoptera species uk plant health information portal. Gossypium hirsutum, and a comparison of free amino acids in each host plant. General information about spodoptera exigua lapheg. The armyworm spodoptera litura fabricius lepidoptera. Fall armyworm adults moths have a wing span of about 1. Spodoptera definition of spodoptera by the free dictionary. The beet armyworm or small mottled willow moth spodoptera exigua is one of the bestknown agricultural pest insects. Consequently, it has expanded its geographic range extensively outside of asia, becoming an invasive species and crop pest throughout the world.
Spodoptera synonyms, spodoptera pronunciation, spodoptera translation, english dictionary definition of spodoptera. Diversity of fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda and. Spodoptera exigua an overview sciencedirect topics. Pdf consumption rates, development times, and life table parameters of the beet armyworm. Complete genome sequence of an alphabaculovirus from the. Spodoptera exigua is native to the tropics and subtropics of almost the entire world.
Armyworm includes several species including the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua, fall armyworm s. Vip3a, a novel bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein with. D in a completely randomized design with 30 replicates for each host. We report the complete genome sequence of a baculovirus from the moth spodoptera eridania, the southern armyworm. Because spodoptera is a worldwide genus with many polyphagous species, larvae can be intercepted from nearly any origin on most any host. Effects of entomopathogenic fungi on the biology of spodoptera. Lysozyme of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, was characterized in its upregulation pattern, and its cdna was cloned by rtpcr using degenerate primers designed from some conserved amino acid regions shared with related lepidopteran species. The lethal concentration lc50 required to kill 50% of the population of deltamethrin to gossypolfed spodoptera exigua larvae was 2. We studied spodoptera frugiperda development using different food sources in the laboratory. Secretions from the ventral eversible gland of spodoptera. Plant induced defense against herbivory are generally associated with metabolic costs. It is also known as the asparagus fern caterpillar.